Response of sorghum and pearl millet to drought stress in. Water availability is, therefore, of primary importance for a nonlimiting crop. Developing drought resistant cereal crops continues to be a major challenge in the climate change scenario. Evaluation of drought and heat stressed grain sorghum. Sorghum is well adapted to hot dry environments and regarded as a model for studying drought resistance among the grasses. Drought is a major stress affecting rainfed sorghum production systems. Using molecular markers to study mechanics responsible for drought tolerance in some genotypes of sorghum a. Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in. The implication of these results in relation to adaptation to drought stress is. Our results indicated drought stress increased root to shoot ratio in sorghum and was significant compared with the control fig4. Silicon application and drought tolerance mechanism of sorghum. Despite greatly different soil moisture contents, the contribution of sorghum to the intercrop dry matter yield was similar, averaging 43 % in 2006 and 40 % in 2007.
Current methodologies for identifying the nonsenescent stay. The crops water requirements are greatest figure 3. In sorghum, recent emphasis on field screening under severe drought stress has led to significant developments in the understanding of drought tolerance. The early seedling and preflowering reproductive stages of sorghum are sensitive to water stress. Drought is a major abiotic stress factor limiting crop production. Water is an increasingly scarce resource given current and future human population and societal needs, putting an emphasis on sustainable water use rosegrant and cline. There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghum sudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. Now, for the first time, scientists have looked at the soil near sorghum plants to learn what role microbes play in the crops unique ability to endure drought.
In terms of climate change, this is a crop that you want people to grow. Since grain yield of sorghum is likely to be affected by postanthesis drought stress in rainfed farming systems of northeastern australia chapman et al. The effects of silicon application on the drought tolerance of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Pdf drought resistance mechanism and adaptation to water. Against mild drought, one of the most rapid defensive measures is the closing of the stomatal pore, caused by shrinking of the flanking guard cells, in order to reduce transpiration that accounts for 90% of.
Catalase, drought stress, peroxidase, relative water content, superoxide dismutase, sorghum bicolor. An experiment was setup in a greenhouse to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of sorghum to different drought patterns. Sep 28, 2015 the epigenetic control of drought response in sorghum, or epicon, focuses on understanding how sorghum, a grass related to corn, thrives on limited resources, including water. Understanding the molecular response of plants to drought is critical to efforts to improve agricultural yields under increasingly frequent droughts. Transcriptomic analysis of fielddroughted sorghum from. Physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum. Identification of genetic factors involved in plant responses to drought stress will provide a solid foundation to improve drought resistance. Mapping qtls associated with drought resistance in sorghum. Drought and salt stress tolerance in sorghum has been investigated in previous studies by smith et al 1989, igartua et al 1994, maiti et al 1994, kaur gill et al 2002 and ambika et al 2011. To help determine the best alternatives, we evaluated 30 sorghum cultivars with and without. Apr 17, 2018 and out of all natural disasters, drought contributes to the largest losses in cereal crop yields.
The rabi sorghum crop faced only mild drought limitation within the season 44% of the time. Mean diurnal temperature and evaporation rate were uniformly high throughout the experiment. Response of sorghum and pearl millet to drought stress in semiarid india n. Significant progress in genome mapping of this crop has also. Sorghum grain yield under water stress 12679 genetis and moleular researh 14 4. Effect of drought stress on yield and quality of maize. Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome and. Research article comparative analysis of sorghum bicolor. At a middle stage of drought watering had stopped for 56 d when soil wc had decreased for both sorghum and. The mechanisms of drought stress tolerance in the crop. Thus under drought stress condition the number of the green functional leaves decreases thereby. Because sorghum is a drought tolerant crop, it is often preferred by producers in cases of expected water stress.
Drought stress is a serious obstacle for crop production, especially in arid and semiarid areas of the world. Drought adaptation of staygreen sorghum is associated with. Genetic analysis of various traits of hybrids sorghum. Drought tolerance an overview sciencedirect topics. Fungal community assembly on crop plants is thought to be driven by deterministic selection exerted by the host. The continued decrease in productivity of field crops in north kordofan semiarid environment mainly resulting from rainfall decline and drought. The effect of and plant response to drought at the whole plant and crop level is most complex because it reflects the integration of stress effects and responses at all underlying levels of. Results sorghum microbiome development is delayed by drought stress. Corn, a close relative to sorghum, is an important food and energy crop, but after only three weeks without any water, the plants stop producing grain. Inside science scientists want to know how one of the worlds most important grain crops, sorghum, can tolerate months of harsh, dry conditions. Efficient screening methods coupled with high throughput phenotyping techniques are required for breeding climate resilient crops.
I using incolumn dnase i digestion as described in the users manual. Sorghum is one of the most drought tolerant grain crops and is used in biofuel production. Moench, drought resistance is a trait that is highly correlated with the thickness of the epicuticular wax layer. Moench were investigated for two cultivars differing in drought susceptibility. In terms of the effect of silicon on sorghum, information regarding drought tolerance and water uptake ability is lacking. Moench but little is known about its effects on panicle development. There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghumsudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. In most cases, the sorghum roottoshoot ratio has been reported to increase under water stress 19, 24. Most crops are not as tough as sorghum when faced with drought. Sorghum is a useful crop to grow in areas with erratic, poorly distributed or inadequate rainfall. Moisture stress, drought tolerance, breeding, genetics, mechanisms, sorghum bicolor. Under conditions of moderate and no drought stress, sunflower had a dry matter yield proportion of roughly one. Determination of genotypic variation among sorghum. Differences between two grain sorghum genotypes in adaptation.
Testing h 2 drought stress and the sorghum mycobiome. Twoweek old seedlings of icsv 111 in were transplanted into 9 l pots filled with loamy sand 11. Crop responses to drought and the interpretation of. Microbes in soil help sorghum stay strong against droughts. Since sorghum is often exposed to drought and high temperature heat stress, this study investigated the effect of stress applied at different phenological stages of crop development on the glucose levels in grain and subsequent ethanol production. Changes of sorghum growth in response to drought and. Many studies have reported responses to drought stress in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. The crop can be affected if the drought stress is imposed at any. To explore the effects of sorghum development on rootassociated. Sorghum is a highly drought tolerant crop and has been increasingly used as a model cereal to identify genes that confer tolerance. Three early and four later flowering lines of sorghum were subjected to three drought stress treatments early, late and early plus late stress in the field during the dry season at hyderabad in india. Generally the sorghum crop shows water stress symptoms or drought symptoms at the soil moisture level of less than 30%. Silicon application ameliorated the decrease in dry weight under drought stress conditions, but. Also, it takes more water to produce grain than a forage crop.
Drought tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm sciencedirect. Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum. The effect of and plant response to drought at the whole plant and crop level is most complex because it reflects the integration of stress effects and responses at all underlying levels of organization over space and time. Droughtstress causes decline in sorghum productivity worldwide. Pdf screening of sorghum sorghum bicolor l genotypes. The appearance of grain sorghum at the panicle initiation growth stage. Physiological, genetic and molecular basis of drought. However, sorghum is drought tolerant and it is a c 4 crop which is well adapted to semiarid regions quinby, 1974.
Grain sorghum water requirement sorghum water use is mainly affected by its growth stages and. Reduction in both shoot and root lengths were observed for tabat cultivar while el9 showed an increase in both measured parameters table 2. Plant growth parameter in sorghum bicolor as influenced by. Sorghum is a c4 crop and its yield levels are highly affected by terminal drought stress under rainfed conditions. Is22330 and the strategy adopted to cope with drought stress. Silicon application ameliorated the decrease in dry weight under drought stress conditions, but had no effect on dry matter production under wet conditions. Nov 09, 2010 pdf because sorghum is a droughttolerant crop, it is often preferred by producers in cases of expected water stress. In each condition, the genotypes were evaluated using a split plot based randomized complete block design with three replications. Moench and other cereals in mediterranean and semiarid tropical climates. Severe drought stress at this time can impede panicle exertion from the boot and lead to incomplete flowering anthesis, seed set and loss in grain yield. Screening of sorghum sorghum bicolor l genotypes under various levels of drought stress masood qadir 1, amir bibi 1, muhammad hn t ahir 1, muhammad saleem 2, hafeez a. Also, priming improves enzyme activity as compared to the unprimed seeds. Fungal community assembly in droughtstressed sorghum. Therefore, drought can cause loss in a sorghum crop even before plant establishment 8.
Drought tolerance in sorghum is a complex trait influenced by many genes coding for various traits contributing towards tolerance 8. Physiological and proteomic analysis of two contrasting. The present study was conducted to document the effects of silicon application under waterlimited conditions on the drought tolerance of sorghum and how drought tolerance of sorghum may be. Drought tolerance at these stages are important for plant. Physiological response to drought stress the two sorghum accessions revealed significant differences p drought stress for all measured characters table 1. Determination of genotypic variation among sorghum cultivars. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought stress. Thus, we show that drought significantly impacts root bacterial composition and activity in a timedependent manner with potential implications for crop fitness. To determine the stage of development most susceptible to water deficiency, in terms of grain yield components, eight plants of two sorghum lines were subjected to each of 10 single, successive drought stress treatments covering the entire life cycle. Moench were studied in both drought and normal conditions. For the study, the team grew two sorghum varieties. Molecular and physiological analysis of drought stress in.
The increased ratio is mainly due to a decrease in shoot growth rather. Transcriptomic analysis of sorghum bicolor responding to. Further, in sorghum, drought tolerance is defined as demonstrat ing high yields under drought stress, which both of these varieties have been. Drought is a multidimensional stress affecting plants at various levels of their organization.
Drought is a complex phenomenon, and its considered one of the most important factors. Biomass production and grain yield of three sorghum lines differing. Evaluation of sorghum genotypes under drought stress conditions using some stress tolerance indices article pdf available in african journal of biotechnology 1061. In arid regions, cereal production is widely limited by poor stand establishment jones and. Fungal community assembly in droughtstressed sorghum shows. Mali is one of the largest sorghum producing countries in sub.
Non technical summary sorghums importance as a drought tolerant source of food, feed, and biofuels is increasing due to a world wide shortage of water resources and increasing nonagricultural demand for water the genetic basis of improved crop yield in waterlimited environments is complex and determined by many traits. Effect of heat and drought stress on sorghum sorghum. The symptoms of drought stress shows yellowing of the green functional leaves. As a droughttolerant crop, sorghum is widely grown in the more arid areas of the world ejeta and knoll, 2007, ramazanzadeh and asgharipour, 2011, reddy et al. Twenty sorghum plants ten per each genotype were subjected to severe drought stress by withholding water from 26 dae days after emergence until 34 dae when 0. Elewa3 1department of genetics and cytology, division of genetic engineering and biotechnology, national research center, dokki, cairo, egypt. Moench, 2n 2x 20 is the emerging model crop species for the tropical grasses with c4 photosynthesis. In order to minimize risk it may be wise to consider growing forage sorghum for hay or silage in place of a grain crop.
Selection of sorghum for drought tolerance in a semiarid. By understanding how epigenetics helps crops such as sorghum with drought tolerance, farmers could better predict how cereal crops will be impacted by climate change. Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in sorghum. Identification of genetic factors involved in plant responses to drought stress will pro. The genetic basis of drought tolerance is ascribed to quantitative trait. Hence, developing drought tolerant varieties is a major breeding objective. Out of these the more severe vegetative terminal drought types occurred 7% of the time, preflowering terminal drought 18% of the time, postflowering terminal drought 18% of the time, and postflowering relieved stress 17% of the time. The c 4 crops, for example, sorghum, evolved from the tropics are generally, more drought and heat.
Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought. Drought stress induced a negative effect on physiological and biochemical traits of sorghum bibi et al. All plants were subjected to one of three conditions during their lifecycles. Moench is an indigenous crop to africa, and though commercial needs and uses may change over time, sorghum will remain a basic staple food for many rural communities. Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop and occupies the second position among the.
Drought stress during vegetative phase, flowering and grain filling periods cause considerable decrease in yield of sorghum 2. The latter is especially true in the more drought prone areas of south africa where this hardy crop provides better household food security than maize. Moench, grain sorghum, yield components, pollen sterility, sorghum coldtolerance. Corn and sorghum management strategies for drought 2011. Drought stress and yield in sorghum 81 109in, is 441 is, 22380 and icsv 2 remained vegetative throughout the early and early plus late stress treatments. To determine the stage of development most susceptible to water deficiency, in terms of grain yield components, eight plants of two sorghum lines were subjected to each of 10 single, successive drought stress treatments covering the entire.
Drought stress characterization of postrainy season rabi. Evaluation of grain yield in sorghum hybrids under water. It is well adapted to the harsh droughtprone environments in which it is grown however. Bidinger, and sardar singh abstract the wide range of environments in which sorghum and pearl millet are grown in semiarid india can be grouped as variable, optimum or nearoptimum, and stored soil moisture types.
Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome. Rnaseq, drought stress, sorghum bicolor, water use efficiency, drought tolerance background drought is the most important abiotic stress in terms of limiting crop productivity worldwide. Drought tolerance actually embodies several protective mechanisms deployed by plants commensurate with the stress severity and duration. Sorghum bicolor is an important cereal crop grown in the arid and semiarid regions of 98 different countries. Antioxidant responses to drought in sunflower and sorghum. We sequenced the mrna from weekly samples of these plants, resulting in a molecular profile of drought response over the growing season. Grain yield in relation to the timing of stress the effects of stress on total aboveground dry matter, grain yield, harvest index hi and components of yield are given in table 2. Near isogenic lines nils of sweet sorghum genotype s35 into which individual stay green loci were introgressed, were used to understand the contribution of stay green loci to stem sugar accumulation and its remobilization under drought stress exposure. To cope with drought stress, plants reprogram a wide range of. Jan 24, 2020 the timing of this reprogramming and the nature of the drought regulated genes in different genotypes are thought to confer differential tolerance to drought stress.
Using molecular markers to study mechanics responsible for. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in. Experiments have demonstrated that rice varieties with a thick cuticle layer retain their leaf turgor for longer periods of time after the onset of a waterstress. Our data demonstrate that drought responsiveness tolerance in sorghum cultivars during germination is associated with enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes.
We grew 2 cultivars of the naturally drought tolerant food crop sorghum in the field under drought stress. Drought stress can have a major impact upon plant survival and crop productivity. Therefore, water stress decreases plant height and rate of leaf appearance. Pdf grain sorghum water requirement and responses to. Pdf evaluation of sorghum genotypes under drought stress. Transcriptome analysis of droughtresistant and drought. Water stress reduces the rate of cell expansion and, ultimately, cell size and consequently, growth rate, stem elongation, and leaf expansion 27. Drought stress remains a major constraint on crop production in arid and semiarid climates. Dec 02, 2019 while sorghum is droughttolerant, the crops precise response is dependent on when exactly water becomes a limiting factor before or after flowering. Sorghum is used as a drought tolerant, summer annual rotational cover crop either alone or seeded in a warm season cover crop mixture. Droughtstress in sorghum has been characterized at both preflowering and post flowering stages resulting in a drastic reduction in grain yield. Physiological responses of selected african sorghum landraces to.
128 1472 15 597 1481 1031 1327 1478 561 578 924 1118 1216 709 182 573 1305 27 215 457 1388 390 986 1470 1537 1465 1431 28 563 999 149 1451 244 226 289 911